The society's members organized art exhibitions, cultural evenings and plein airs, often working in collaboration with out-of-town and foreign artists, as well as collectors.

The society held weekly meetings, where discussions on various art issues were held and reports were read. From 1909 to 1915, seven "Spring Exhibitions" were held. On the initiative of the society, the exhibition "Art in the Life of Children" (1909) and the exhibition of the group of N. I. Kulbin "Impressionists" (1909-1910) were held in Vilnius. In February 1913, an art school was opened at the society, headed by I. G. Rybakov. The society's periodicals discussed Matisse's statements on expressionism, and also reprinted the manifesto of futurism by F. T. Marinetti.

The society operated until the outbreak of World War I and was officially closed in 1915.

Some members of the Vilnius Art Society: Antokolsky Lev Moiseevich (Leiba Movshevi), Lazar Segal, Rybakov Ivan Georgievich, Čiurlionis Mikalojus Konstantinas, Jozef Balzukevich.